Showing results for Other - The Old New Thing

Sep 14, 2004
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The x86 architecture is the weirdo

Raymond Chen
Raymond Chen

So unlike all the others, yet people think it's the normal one.

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Sep 6, 2004
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The shift key overrides NumLock

Raymond Chen
Raymond Chen

Perhaps not as well-known today as it was in the days when the arrow keys and numeric keypad shared space is that the shift key overrides NumLock. If NumLock is on (as it usually is), then pressing a key on the numeric keypad while holding the shift key overrides NumLock and instead generates the arrow key (or other navigation key) printed in sm...

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Aug 22, 2004
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Summary of the recent spate of /3GB articles

Raymond Chen
Raymond Chen

A table of contents now that the whole thing is over. I hope. I'm not sure how successful this series has been, though, for it appears that even people who have read the articles continue to confuse virtual address space with physical address space. (Or maybe this person is merely mocking a faulty argument? I can't tell for sure.)

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Aug 20, 2004
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The curious interaction between PAE and NX

Raymond Chen
Raymond Chen

Carmen Crincoli covered the interaction between PAE and NX on his own blog, so I'll merely incorporate his remarks by reference. (And notice again the concession to backwards compatibility. Without the backwards compatibility work, XP SP2 would have shipped with NX support and an asterisk, "* and those of you who have device drivers that a...

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Aug 19, 2004
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Myth: In order to use AWE, you must enable PAE

Raymond Chen
Raymond Chen

Address Windowing Extensions (AWE) does not require PAE. I don't know why some people claim that it does, since it is so easy to demonstrate otherwise. Take a program that uses AWE. If you don't have one handy, you can use the one that comes in MSDN as a sample program that demonstrates how to use AWE. Grant yourself "Lock Pages in Memory" privi...

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Aug 18, 2004
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Myth: PAE increases the virtual address space beyond 4GB

Raymond Chen
Raymond Chen

This is another non sequitur. PAE increases the amount of physical memory that can be addressed by the processor, but that is unrelated to virtual address space. (Remember that PAE stands for Physical Address Extensions.) PAE increases the physical address space (the address space that the CPU can use to access the memory chips on your computer) ...

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Aug 18, 2004
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Why all these articles about PAE and /3GB?

Raymond Chen
Raymond Chen

Apparently there is some unrest in comment-land with people who are sick of this whole /3GB series. Why have I been spending over two weeks exploring the consequences of the /3GB switch and exploding various common myths about it? Because too many people don't understand what /3GB means but talk as if they do. As you saw yesterday, there are s...

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Aug 17, 2004
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Why is the virtual address space 4GB anyway?

Raymond Chen
Raymond Chen

The size of the address space is capped by the number of unique pointer values. For a 32-bit processor, a 32-bit value can represent 232 distinct values. If you allow each such value to address a different byte of memory, you get 232 bytes, which equals four gigabytes. If you were willing to forego the flat memory model and deal with selectors, t...

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Aug 16, 2004
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Myth: The /3GB switch lets me map one giant 3GB block of memory

Raymond Chen
Raymond Chen

Just because the virtual address space is 3GB doesn't mean that you can map one giant 3GB block of memory. The standard holes in the virtual address space are still there: 64K at the bottom, and 64K near the 2GB boundary. Moreover, the system DLLs continue to load at their preferred virtual addresses which lie just below the 2GB boundary. The pro...

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