July 4th, 2025
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Why doesn’t LVIF_INDENT work without an image list?

Raymond Chen
Raymond Chen

The LVIF_INDENT property of the Win32 classic listview control lets you indent an item in report view. The units of indentation are the size of the image list. But that requires an image list. Why does it require an image list?

The indentation feature of the classic listview control was added for Internet Mail and News, a mail and newsreader program that came with Internet Explorer 3.¹ The indentation was used to represent message threading. Since the indentation was intended to represent reply depth, it was not unreasonable for the listview’s representation of the indentation to match the underlying data’s indentation. And since each item had an icon (representing read or unread), the width of the icon was a natural unit of indentation.

But what if you don’t want an image list?

The indentation demands an image list, but you can provide a 1 × 1 image list, and choose not to show any images. The space will still be reserved, so there will be a 1 pixel gap, but maybe this small glitch isn’t noticeable. The indentation would then be in units of pixels.

Not great, but it might be the best you can do.

¹ Internet Mail and News was subsequently rebranded as Outlook Express, a rebranding which created confusion and unmet expectations.

Category
Old New Thing
Topics
Code

Author

Raymond Chen

Raymond has been involved in the evolution of Windows for more than 30 years. In 2003, he began a Web site known as The Old New Thing which has grown in popularity far beyond his wildest imagination, a development which still gives him the heebie-jeebies. The Web site spawned a book, coincidentally also titled The Old New Thing (Addison Wesley 2007). He occasionally appears on the Windows Dev Docs Twitter account to tell stories which convey no useful information.

3 comments

  • Jeff Stoner 1 hour ago · Edited

    IIRC, you can “outdent” the text by setting iIndent to a negative number (iImage set to I_IMAGENONE). Setting iIndent to -2 shifts the text two image widths to the left. Unfortunately, setting iIndent to -1 does not shift the text left to occupy the space for the image – it’s treated the same as iIndent equal to 0.

  • Lappan Sommer

    That does seem like a case of “premature abstraction”, ie drawing up an interface derived from too few or insufficiently diverse examples. Leading of course to suffering all round since the users have to work with a weirdly prickly interface and the developers have to ensure it stays forever identically prickly

    (They can always mark the old behaviour as deprecated so it feels as if the nightmare will be over, but unless they can arrange enough down votes to bury the Stack Exchange answer that explains how to use that interface it will live forever)

    • Antonio Rodríguez

      IIRC, the common controls were created primarily for their use by the Windows Shell team during Chicago/Windows 95 development, and then offered for public consumption because they could be useful. ListView and TreeView, in particular, have many "quirks" (design eccentricities?) that can be easily explained this way. One is their reliance in an external ImageList. For simple uses, it would be easier to provide them the handles of the icons to be displayed. But, of course, in the shell every icon comes from the System ImageList, so this makes a lot of sense.
      So yes, their interfaces are designed on...

      Read more

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