{"id":109554,"date":"2024-03-20T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-20T14:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/devblogs.microsoft.com\/oldnewthing\/?p=109554"},"modified":"2024-03-20T07:25:10","modified_gmt":"2024-03-20T14:25:10","slug":"20240320-00","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/devblogs.microsoft.com\/oldnewthing\/20240320-00\/?p=109554","title":{"rendered":"Using the Display­Information<\/CODE> class from a desktop Win32 application, part 1"},"content":{"rendered":"

For UWP apps, the Windows Runtime Display\u00adInformation<\/code> class provides information about the display that the app is running one. In particular, the Orientation<\/code> property tells you whether the screen is running in landscape, portrait, landscape-flipped, or portrait-flipped orientation.<\/p>\n

For Win32 desktop apps, you can obtain a Display\u00adInformation<\/code> object corresponding to a window handle or a display monitor with the assistance of the IDisplay\u00adInformation\u00adStatics\u00adInterop<\/code> interface. This interface follows the usual pattern for interop interfaces<\/a>: Query for the interface from the class activation factory and then use the desired Get\u00adFor\u00ad...<\/code> method.<\/p>\n

Let’s try that in our scratch program<\/a>.<\/p>\n

#include <windows.graphics.display.interop.h>\r\n#include <winrt\/Windows.Graphics.Display.h>\r\n\r\nnamespace winrt\r\n{\r\n    using namespace winrt::Windows::Graphics::Display;\r\n}\r\n\r\nwinrt::DisplayInformation g_info{ nullptr };\r\n\r\nBOOL\r\nOnCreate(HWND hwnd, LPCREATESTRUCT lpcs) try<\/span>\r\n{\r\n    winrt::check_hresult(                                        <\/span>\r\n        winrt::get_activation_factory<winrt::DisplayInformation, <\/span>\r\n            ::IDisplayInformationStaticsInterop>()->GetForWindow(<\/span>\r\n        hwnd, winrt::guid_of<decltype(g_info)>(),                <\/span>\r\n        winrt::put_abi(g_info)));                                <\/span>\r\n    return TRUE;\r\n}\r\ncatch (...)      <\/span>\r\n{                <\/span>\r\n    return FALSE;<\/span>\r\n}                <\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n
We are following the principle of  starting by doing nothing<\/a>: Our first step is simply to create the Display\u00adInformation<\/code>. We don’t do anything with it.<\/p>\n
Our OnCreate<\/code> can be simplified by  taking advantage of the capture_interop<\/code> helper<\/a>.<\/p>\n
BOOL\r\nOnCreate(HWND hwnd, LPCREATESTRUCT lpcs) noexcept\r\n{\r\n    g_info = wil::capture_interop<winrt::DisplayInformation>     <\/span>\r\n        (&IDisplayInformationStaticsInterop::GetForWindow, hwnd);<\/span>\r\n\r\n    return TRUE;\r\n}\r\ncatch (...)\r\n{\r\n    return FALSE;\r\n}\r\n<\/pre>\n
And when the window is destroyed, we clean up the Display\u00adInformation<\/code>.<\/p>\n
void\r\nOnDestroy(HWND hwnd)\r\n{\r\n    g_info = nullptr;<\/span>\r\n    PostQuitMessage(0);\r\n}\r\n<\/pre>\n
If we run this program, we get a “not implemented” exception when we call Get\u00adFor\u00adWindow()<\/code>. Phew, good thing we didn’t get in too deep. We added only a few lines of code, so it’s easy to narrow in on the lines that are the source of the problem. And if it turns out that the entire undertaking is not implemented, well, we saved ourselves a lot of trouble: It took us only a few lines of code to discover this.<\/p>\n
If you watch the debugger, you see a helpful message:<\/p>\n
onecoreuap\\windows\\wgi\\winrt\\display\\displayinformation.cpp(101)\\Windows.Graphics.dll!00007FFFAB1BC87B: (caller: 00007FFFAB1BB741) ReturnHr(2) tid(6f04) 80004001 Not implemented\r\n    Msg:[A DispatcherQueue is required for DisplayInformation created from an HWND] \r\n<\/pre>\n
Aha, so the problem is that we need the thread to have a dispatcher queue. We’ll take up the story next time.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
A little interop music.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1069,"featured_media":111744,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[25],"class_list":["post-109554","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-oldnewthing","tag-code"],"acf":[],"blog_post_summary":"
A little interop music.<\/p>\n","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/devblogs.microsoft.com\/oldnewthing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109554","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/devblogs.microsoft.com\/oldnewthing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/devblogs.microsoft.com\/oldnewthing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devblogs.microsoft.com\/oldnewthing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1069"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devblogs.microsoft.com\/oldnewthing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=109554"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/devblogs.microsoft.com\/oldnewthing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109554\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devblogs.microsoft.com\/oldnewthing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/111744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/devblogs.microsoft.com\/oldnewthing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=109554"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devblogs.microsoft.com\/oldnewthing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=109554"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devblogs.microsoft.com\/oldnewthing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=109554"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}